Desalination

Fresh water supply to some remote desert areas in Egypt represents one of the major constraint to development of such areas. The current conventional water supply to remote communities includes pipelines and transportation means such as trucks. However, such methods seem to be very expensive, especi

Treatment and reuse of agricultural drainage water (ADW) is complicated by the presence of soluble organic and inorganic pollutants in addition to hazardous chemicals. Large-scale desalination systems for agricultural drainage water require the development of affordable pretreatment for removal of s

Wastewater is considered a major resource of the water budget in many countries around the world. This has necessitated the expansion of the applications in the industrial sector. This paper presents a feasibility study for 10,000 m3/d wastewater and seawater desalination plants in the UAE. The desa

Agricultural drainage water (ADW) may be considered as a strategic reserve to cope with the ever-increasing demand for fresh water. Numerous technological solutions must be examined to enable safe reuse of the ADW. Three technological sets must be addressed simultaneously. The first set is related t

The nuclear heating reactor (NHR) is designed with a number of advanced and innovative features, including integrated arrangement, natural circulation, self-pressured performance, hydraulic control rod drive and a passive safety system. The engineering project feasibility of 200 MW(t) nuclear heatin

The population of the states of North Africa (NA) will increase from 150 million in 2000 to about 250 million in 2025 with a corresponding increase in water demand for municipal, industrial and agricultural purposes. With this demand rapidly exceeding the water resources capacities, these states wil

Private sector involvement in desalination projects in the Mediterranean Middle East (Algeria, Egypt, Israel, Jordan, Lebanon, Libya, Morocco, Syria and Tunisia) has in the main been limited to the provision of facilities under turnkey type contracts — with the exception of Israel which has recently

Water supply and demand, the need for desalination investment, the need for integrated water resources management, the need for sustainability, the need for capacity building are considered in eight South Mediterranean countries: Algeria, Egypt, Jordan, Lebanon, Libya, Morocco, Syria and Tunisia.

This work deals with the selective demineralization of natural saltwaters by electrodialysis on specific membranes with the aim of preparing an “isotonic” water of blood plasma, i.e., of the same saline composition as blood, with potential applications in the field of health. Preliminary experiences

The separation performances of divalent ions (Ca2+ and Mg2+) by electrodialysis (ED) were compared using a constant voltage mode of operation. For the batch tests, TS-1-10 ED equipment was employed. During the experimental studies, the effects of electrical potential applied and flow rate of streams