Modeling

Surface waters used for drinking purposes can vary markedly in their organic and inorganic content. High levels of variation occur in a range of water quality parameters such as turbidity, alkalinity, colour, natural organic matter, algae and micro-organisms. The removal of organic matter using inor

Textile industries consume large amounts of water and generate highly dye-contaminated effluents. Textile wastewaters have to be treated in order to be recycled in the process or to meet legislative requirements before being discharged. The objective of the present study was to examine the potential

This study investigated the feasibility of the once-through (OT) MSF design for constructing large-capacity desalting plants rather than the conventional brine recycle (BR) MSF configuration. This was to explore the possibility of improving MSF process economics through the application of a simpler

Nanofiltration membranes (NF) have applications in several areas. One of the main applications has been in water treatment for drinking water production as well as wastewater treatment. NF can either be used to treat all kinds of water including ground, surface, and wastewater or used as a pretreatm

Rotating reverse osmosis (RO), which is based on Taylor-Couette flow, offers a means to minimize flux decline due to concentration polarization and membrane fouling. However, the operating conditions play a significant role in determining the effectiveness of the system. In this study, the effect of

A visual basic computer package was developed for the design and analysis of thermal and membrane desalination processes. The package includes conventional processes, i.e., reverse osmosis, single-effect mechanical vapor compression, multiple-effect evaporation with/without thermal or mechanical vap

A mathematical model is proposed to predict the transfer mechanism of calcium salts through a nanofiltration membrane. The model is a combination of Nernst-Planck and film theory equations and it is characterized by three transport parameters: solute permeability Ps, reflection coefficient σ and fil

In cross-flow ultrafiltration permeate flux has three types of flow regimes. Initially it has a transient regime with a decreasing permeate flow rate. Then it attains a steady state, and the flux reaches a plateau. In the third stage the flow rate becomes independent of applied pressure and is calle

In this paper, we investigate the possibility of adopting the Once-Through (OT- MSF) design in place of the conventional brine recycle (BR-MSF) design for the future, large scale desalination plants. It was assumed here that efficient anti-scale chemicals would be available. Thus, a top brine temper

Transport of phenylalanine (Phe) through a supported liquid membrane (SLM) containing di-(2-ethylhexyl) phosphoric acid (DEHPA) as carrier in a spiral-channel module was studied. The value of the molar flux of Phe through SLM increases with the velocity of the feed phase in the channel. However, soo